The Pep Researcher

Category: Research Guides

  • LL-37

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    Antimicrobial peptide

    LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, a key effector of the innate immune system.

    What it is

    LL-37 is studied for directly disrupting microbial membranes and for immunomodulatory signaling — influencing chemotaxis, wound-healing pathways, and inflammation. It is a central reference peptide in antimicrobial-peptide research.

    How it’s studied

    Research interest covers antimicrobial activity, innate-immune signaling, and tissue-repair models.

    Research focus areas

    • Membrane-disrupting antimicrobial activity
    • Innate-immune and chemotaxis signaling
    • Wound-healing pathway research
    • Host-defense peptide biology

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • Semax

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    Neuropeptide

    Semax is a synthetic peptide analog of a fragment of ACTH (4–10), developed in Russia and studied for effects on the nervous system.

    What it is

    Semax is studied for modulating BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and related neurotrophic signaling, and for neuroprotective activity in a range of central-nervous-system research models.

    How it’s studied

    Research focuses on neurotrophic factors, cognition, and neuroprotection.

    Research focus areas

    • BDNF and neurotrophic-factor signaling
    • Neuroprotection research models
    • Cognition and attention studies
    • Central-nervous-system peptide biology

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • Selank

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    Neuropeptide

    Selank is a synthetic analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, studied for effects on anxiety-related and immune signaling.

    What it is

    Selank is studied for modulating GABAergic and serotonergic signaling and for stabilizing enkephalins, alongside immunomodulatory activity. It is a common reference peptide in anxiolytic-mechanism research.

    How it’s studied

    Research spans anxiety-related behavior models, neurotransmitter signaling, and immune modulation.

    Research focus areas

    • GABA and serotonin-linked signaling
    • Enkephalin stabilization
    • Anxiety-related behavioral models
    • Neuro-immune research

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • ARA-290 (Cibinetide)

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    Tissue-protective peptide

    ARA-290 (cibinetide) is a short peptide derived from the tissue-protective region of erythropoietin (EPO), designed to separate EPO’s protective signaling from its blood-cell effects.

    What it is

    ARA-290 targets the innate repair receptor (IRR) rather than the classical EPO receptor, and is studied for tissue-protective and anti-inflammatory signaling without stimulating red-blood-cell production.

    How it’s studied

    Its research profile centers on neuropathic and tissue-protection models, including small-nerve-fiber research.

    Research focus areas

    • Innate repair receptor (IRR) signaling
    • Neuropathy and small-fiber research models
    • Tissue protection separated from erythropoiesis
    • Anti-inflammatory signaling

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • Thymosin Alpha-1

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    Immune-modulating peptide

    Thymosin Alpha-1 is a peptide originally isolated from the thymus gland and one of the most extensively studied immune-modulating peptides.

    What it is

    Thymosin Alpha-1 is studied for modulating T-cell maturation and function and for shifting immune signaling (including Toll-like-receptor pathways). It has a broad research literature in immune-response models.

    How it’s studied

    Research spans immune modulation, T-cell biology, and host-response models.

    Research focus areas

    • T-cell maturation and function
    • Toll-like-receptor and innate-immune signaling
    • Immune-response research models
    • Thymic-peptide biology

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • MOTS-c

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    Mitochondrial-derived peptide

    MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide — encoded within mitochondrial DNA — studied as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis.

    What it is

    MOTS-c is studied for influencing AMPK signaling and glucose metabolism, and for translocating to the nucleus under metabolic stress. It has become a reference peptide in mitochondrial-metabolism and exercise-physiology research.

    How it’s studied

    Research focuses on cellular energy sensing, insulin sensitivity models, and mitochondrial biology.

    Research focus areas

    • AMPK and cellular energy-sensing pathways
    • Glucose-metabolism and insulin-sensitivity models
    • Mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling
    • Exercise-physiology research

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • KPV

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    Anti-inflammatory tripeptide

    KPV is a tripeptide (lysine-proline-valine) corresponding to the C-terminal fragment of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), studied for anti-inflammatory activity.

    What it is

    KPV is studied for entering cells and reducing pro-inflammatory signaling (including NF-κB-linked pathways), reproducing much of α-MSH’s anti-inflammatory effect without its pigmentation activity.

    How it’s studied

    Research interest centers on inflammation models, including gut and mucosal-inflammation research.

    Research focus areas

    • Anti-inflammatory signaling (NF-κB pathway)
    • Gut and mucosal inflammation models
    • α-MSH fragment biology
    • Cellular inflammation research

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • 5-Amino-1MQ

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    NNMT inhibitor

    5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), studied for its role in adipocyte metabolism and cellular energy pathways.

    What it is

    By inhibiting NNMT, 5-Amino-1MQ is studied in models for its effects on NAD+ salvage and adipocyte energy expenditure. As a small molecule rather than a peptide, it is handled and stored somewhat differently.

    How it’s studied

    Research interest sits at the intersection of the NAD+ pathway, fat-cell metabolism, and metabolic regulation.

    Research focus areas

    • NNMT enzyme inhibition
    • Adipocyte energy-expenditure models
    • NAD+ salvage-pathway research
    • Cellular metabolic-regulation studies

    Handling & documentation

    This material is a small molecule and is typically supplied as a powder. As with any research compound, confirm identity and purity against a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, and store per the supplier’s guidance. It is for in-vitro laboratory research only.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • Mazdutide

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    GLP-1 / glucagon dual agonist

    Mazdutide is a dual agonist targeting both the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, part of the newer generation of multi-receptor metabolic peptides.

    What it is

    By engaging GLP-1 receptors (incretin, satiety) and glucagon receptors (energy expenditure), mazdutide is studied as a model of how dual-pathway activation shapes metabolic outcomes differently from single-target GLP-1 agonists.

    How it’s studied

    Research focuses on the combined incretin-plus-glucagon mechanism and comparisons across the dual- and triple-agonist class.

    Research focus areas

    • Combined GLP-1 and glucagon-receptor signaling
    • Energy-expenditure pathways via glucagon
    • Comparisons with single- and triple-agonists
    • Incretin-axis metabolic research

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.

  • Survodutide

    Research Guide · Laboratory Use Only

    GLP-1 / glucagon dual agonist

    Survodutide is a dual GLP-1 / glucagon receptor agonist studied within the multi-receptor metabolic-peptide class.

    What it is

    Like other dual agonists it combines incretin signaling with glucagon-receptor activation. In the research literature it appears prominently in liver-focused metabolic models in addition to general metabolic work.

    How it’s studied

    It is studied for dual-pathway metabolic effects and for liver-tissue endpoints in research models.

    Research focus areas

    • Dual GLP-1 / glucagon-receptor activation
    • Hepatic (liver) metabolic research
    • Energy balance and glucose regulation
    • Dual-agonist class comparisons

    Handling & documentation

    In the laboratory this material is typically supplied as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder and reconstituted with bacteriostatic or sterile water for in-vitro work. As with any research compound, the quality signal that matters most is a lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (COA) from an independent lab, confirming identity by mass spectrometry and purity by HPLC. Store per the supplier’s guidance and verify the COA before use.

    Browse the COA-verified research catalog →

    For laboratory research use only. This content is educational and written for a research context. The compound is a research-use-only (RUO) material — not a drug, supplement, food, or cosmetic, not for human or veterinary use, and no claims are made to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any condition. No dosing or protocols are provided.